Vitamin A aldehyde

Retinaldehyde A carotenoid constituent of visual pigments. It is the oxidized form of retinol which functions as the active component of the visual cycle. It is bound to the protein opsin forming the complex rhodopsin. When stimulated by visible light, the retinal component of the rhodopsin complex undergoes isomerization at the 11-position of the double bond to the cis-form; this is reversed in "dark" reactions to return to the native trans-configuration.

[1. (Science: anatomy) Pertaining to the retina. 2. (Science: biochemistry) The aldehyde of retinol, derived by the oxidative enzymatic splitting of absorbed dietary carotene and having vitamin A activity. In the retina, retinal combines with opsins to form visual pigments. One isomer, 11 cis retinal combines with opsin in the rods (scotopsin) to form rhodopsin or visual purple. Another, all trans retinal (trans r.), visual yellow, xanthopsin) results from the bleaching of rhodopsin by light, in which the 11 cis form is converted to the all trans form. Retinal also combines with opsins in the cones (photopsins) to form the three pigments responsible for colour vision.

[1. The orange retinaldehyde resulting from the action of light on the rhodopsin of the retina, which converts the 11-cis-retinal component of the rhodopsin to all-trans-retinal plus opsin.

Molecular Formula: C₂₀H₂₈O

InChI: InChI=1/C20H28O/c1-16(8-6-9-17(2)13-15-21)11-12-19-18(3)10-7-14-20(19,4)5/h6,8-9,11-13,15H,7,10,14H2,1-5H3/b9-6+,12-11+,16-8+,17-13+

InChIKey: InChIKey=NCYCYZXNIZJOKI-OVSJKPMPBO
SMILES: [H]C(=O)\C=C(C)\C=C\C=C(C)\C=C\C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C

Names:
    all-trans-Retinal
    all-trans-retinal
    all-trans-Retinal
    all-trans-Retinene
    all-trans-retinene
    all-trans-Retinene
    all-trans-Vitamin A aldehyde
    all-trans-vitamin A aldehyde
    all-trans-Vitamin A aldehyde
    retinal
    Retinal
    retinal
    Retinal
    retinal
    Retinene
    Vitamin A aldehyde
    (2E,4E,6E,8E)-3,7-dimethyl-9-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexenyl)nona-2,4,6,8-tetraenal
    116-31-4

Registries:
    PubChem CID 638015
    ChEBI 17898
    Kegg C00376
    PubChem ID 11076688
    PubChem ID 3666